Dandruff is primarily caused by a common yeast-like fungus called Malassezia globosa. This fungus feeds on oils on the scalp, and in some individuals, this triggers an inflammatory response leading to flaking and itching.

Regular use of anti-dandruff shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or coal tar is crucial. These ingredients help control the Malassezia fungus and reduce inflammation, ultimately minimizing flaking.

Shampoos containing ketoconazole or selenium sulfide tend to work quickly to reduce dandruff symptoms. However, consistent use as directed is key to maintaining results and preventing recurrence. Consult a dermatologist for persistent or severe cases.

While it's difficult to self-diagnose, fungal dandruff often presents with an itchy, inflamed scalp and greasy, yellowish flakes. A dermatologist can perform tests to confirm the presence of Malassezia and rule out other conditions like psoriasis or eczema.